Sudden Hearing Loss: Symptoms and Treatment
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is defined as an unexplained sensorineural hearing loss that occurs abruptly within 72 hours, with a hearing threshold decrease of more than 20 dB in at least two adjacent frequencies (according to Chinese standards). If a specific cause is identified, SSNHL is no longer considered the primary diagnosis but rather a symptom of the underlying condition.
Core Symptom: Rapid onset of hearing loss within 72 hours, with a threshold decrease of >20 dB in at least two adjacent frequencies (based on China's 2015 Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Sudden Deafness). For reference, the 2019 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery guidelines define it as a decrease of ≥30 dB in at least three consecutive frequencies. The condition typically affects one ear, though bilateral involvement (simultaneous or sequential) may occur in rare cases.
Common Accompanying Symptom – Tinnitus: Very prevalent, occurring in approximately 90% of patients.
Frequent Accompanying Symptom – Vertigo or Dizziness: Affects 30%–50% of patients, often described as a spinning sensation (vertigo), which may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
Other Possible Symptoms: Include ear fullness, hyperacusis (heightened sensitivity to sound), diplacusis (distorted pitch perception), abnormal sensations around the ear, and psychological symptoms such as anxiety or sleep disturbances.
If you find you have the symptoms above, please:
Seek Immediate Medical Attention: Early intervention significantly improves the chances of hearing recovery.
Standardized and Rational Medication: Based on the type of hearing loss and any co-existing conditions, treatment options may include corticosteroids, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and, if necessary, combined with hemodilution therapy and neurotrophic drugs.
Auditory Assistance Devices: For patients with poor final hearing outcomes, hearing aids or cochlear implants can be considered after hearing stability is achieved, tailored to the degree of hearing loss.
Management of Associated Symptoms: Symptomatic treatment and rehabilitation exercises are provided for accompanying symptoms such as tinnitus and vertigo.